ABSTRACT
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), as the rank one alternative to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been widely applied in point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its rapid, simple, and cost-effective characteristics. However, it is difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and multiplex detection with the traditional LAMP method. In addition, these approaches that use turbidimetry, sequence-independent intercalating dyes, or pH-sensitive indicators to indirectly reflect amplification can result in false-positive results if non-specific amplification occurs. To fulfill the needs of specific target detection and one-pot multiplex detection, a variety of probe-based LAMP assays have been developed. This review focuses on the principles of these assays, summarizes their applications in pathogen detection, and discusses their features and advantages over the traditional LAMP methods.
ABSTRACT
The social contact rate has influenced the transmission of COVID-19, with more social contact resulting in more contagion cases. We chose 18 countries with the most confirmed cases in the first 200 days after the Wuhan lockdown. This was the first study using the dynamic social contact rate to simulate the epidemic under diverse restriction policies over 500 days since the COVID-19 outbreak. The developed General Dynamic Model suggested that the probability of contagion ranged from 12.52% to 39.39% in the epidemic. The geometric mean of the social contact rates differed from 18.21% to 96.00% between countries. The restriction policies in developed economies were 3.5 times more efficient than in developing economies. We compare the effectiveness of different policies for disease prevention and discuss the influence of policy adjustment frequency for each country. Maintaining the tightest restriction or alternate tightening and loosening restrictions was recommended, with each having an average 72.45% and 79.78% reduction in maximum active cases, respectively.
ABSTRACT
The social contact rate has influenced the transmission of COVID-19, with more social contact resulting in more contagion cases. We chose 18 countries with the most confirmed cases in the first 200 days after the Wuhan lockdown. This was the first study using the dynamic social contact rate to simulate the epidemic under diverse restriction policies over 500 days since the COVID-19 outbreak. The developed General Dynamic Model suggested that the probability of contagion ranged from 12.52% to 39.39% in the epidemic. The geometric mean of the social contact rates differed from 18.21% to 96.00% between countries. The restriction policies in developed economies were 3.5 times more efficient than in developing economies. We compare the effectiveness of different policies for disease prevention and discuss the influence of policy adjustment frequency for each country. Maintaining the tightest restriction or alternate tightening and loosening restrictions was recommended, with each having an average 72.45% and 79.78% reduction in maximum active cases, respectively.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After the COVID-19 epidemic, the state has paid more attention to the clinical teaching function of affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities. Strengthening the integration of medicine and education and improving the quality and effect of clinical practice teaching are critical challenges facing medical education. The difficulty of orthopedic teaching lies in the characteristics of a wide variety of diseases, strong professionalism, and relatively abstract characteristics, which affect the initiative, enthusiasm, and learning effect of nursing students. In this study, a flipped classroom teaching plan based on the CDIO (conceive-design-implement-operate) concept was constructed and practiced in the orthopedic nursing student training course to improve the effect of practical teaching, and it is convenient for teachers to implement more effective and targeted teaching in the flipped classroom of nursing education and even medical education in the future. METHODS: Fifty undergraduate nursing students who practiced in the Orthopedics Department of a tertiary hospital in June 2017 were enrolled in the control group, while 50 undergraduate nursing students who practiced in the same department in June 2018 were enrolled in the intervention group. The intervention group adopted the flipped classroom teaching mode of the CDIO concept, whereas the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode. After finishing the department practice task, the students in the two groups completed the evaluation of theory, operation skills, independent learning ability, and critical thinking ability. They completed the evaluation of clinical practice ability in eight dimensions, including four processes of nursing procedures, humanistic care ability, and evaluation of clinical teaching quality for two groups of teachers. RESULTS: After teaching, the clinical practice ability, critical thinking ability, autonomous learning ability, theoretical and operational performance, and evaluation of clinical teaching quality in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The CDIO-based teaching mode can stimulate the independent learning ability and critical thinking ability of nursing interns, promote the organic combination of theory and practice, improve their ability to comprehensively use theoretical knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems, and improve teaching effectiveness.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Students, Nursing , Humans , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods , Orthopedic Nursing , Learning , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Teaching , CurriculumABSTRACT
A large proportion of carbon emissions emitted by human activities is from the household sector. Efforts to control such carbon emissions need a timely accounting. We attempt to establish a rapid accounting China Carbon Watch (CCW) system, through which we use an alternative solution for accounting household carbon emissions in China by applying monthly nighttime light (NTL) data. The compiled carbon emission accounting method is considered as timely with high accuracy by employing a 1-km grid dataset built from point-emission sources. The heterogeneities of carbon emissions in both urban and rural sectors are presented. Furthermore, this research calculates monthly data of urban and rural household carbon emissions at the provincial level from January to May 2020. Results show that the overall household carbon emissions slightly increased during the COVID-19 forced confinement due to the closure of international borders and the confinement of urbanists with significant heterogeneity between provinces.
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Protection and control measures for food production enterprises are discussed in this paper, from the preparation of personnel and materials before reemployment, the disinfection of working environment and the control of personnel and environment after returning to work.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia challenges the rapid interrogation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human and environmental samples. In this study, we developed an assay using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coupled with multivariate analysis to detect SARS-CoV-2 in an ultra-fast manner without any pretreatment (e.g., RNA extraction). Using silver-nanorod SERS array functionalized with cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), we obtained strong SERS signals of ACE2 at 1032, 1051, 1089, 1189, 1447 and 1527 cm-1. The recognition and binding of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on SERS assay significantly quenched the spectral intensities of most peaks and exhibited a shift from 1189 to 1182 cm-1. On-site tests on 23 water samples with a portable Raman spectrometer proved its accuracy and easy-operation for spot detection of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate disinfection performance, explore viral survival in environmental media, assess viral decay in wastewater treatment plant and track SARS-CoV-2 in pipe network. Our findings raise a state-of-the-art spectroscopic tool to screen and interrogate viruses with RBD for human cell entry, proving its feasibility and potential as an ultra-fast detection tool for wastewater-based epidemiology.